In which condition is there a forward rounding of the upper back?

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The condition characterized by a forward rounding of the upper back is kyphosis. This condition results in an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, making the back appear hunched or rounded. It can be caused by various factors, including poor posture, aging, or certain diseases. In kyphosis, the normal curvature of the spine is exaggerated, leading to a noticeable forward lean in the upper body.

This contrasts with scoliosis, which involves a lateral curvature of the spine, often resulting in an S- or C-shaped appearance. Lordosis, on the other hand, refers to an excessive inward curve of the lumbar spine, commonly associated with an arching of the lower back. Spasticity is not a deformity of the spine but rather a condition characterized by increased muscle tone or stiffness, which can affect movement. Thus, kyphosis is specifically associated with a forward rounding of the upper back, making it the correct answer.

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